The encounter with another intelligent civilization would have such an impact on humanity that is difficult to calculate their consequences. It would not only transform our culture and technology, but it will possibly change the way in which we understand the depths of the human being, our origin and our destiny. However, are we prepared to respond appropriately to a salute so extraordinary? In the 1990s, the international community agreed a 'detection Protocol' laying down the steps to be followed in case of an extraterrestrial contact. Now a year, scientists from distinguished universities signed an article in a scientific journal of the British Royal Society in which warned the Governments of the world of the need to work more in these response plans, especially if the visitors are violent. But the debate over how to handle tremendous encounter is not new. Alan Penny, of the University of St. Andrews, in Scotland, has recently published the history of an actual incident which occurred in 1967 in which was considered seriously the possibility of contact with extraterrestrial civilizations in arXiv.org.
It happened when the Cambridge Observatory astronomers discovered pulsars, rotating neutron stars that produce pulses of radio. The team that made the discovery was led by Anthony Hewish, who later received the Nobel Prize for the work. The scientists, who had never seen anything like were so amazed that for a few weeks, team members considered the possibility of signals were generated on a planet orbiting around a distant star, and that those signals had an artificial origin, which were generated by what they called "Green little men" (Little Green Men or LGM).
Regular signals were in the same position in the sky each day. During the following months, appeared three sources of regular signals. By then, scientists already ruled out that they had an artificial origin. They were neutron stars. The find was announced in February 1968 and was published in the journal Nature.
Give an answer
But until not be ruled out, according to the documentation collected by Penny, the team discussed what to do if it was from an artificial source, how to verify this conclusion and how to announce it. It even argued about whether discovery could be dangerous and if I was going to respond to the signals.
In this way, according to the author, team has had moved forward to some components of the Protocol established in the SETI search for extraterrestrial intelligent life programme and other established protocols twenty years ago. Penny warns that the international community has yet to agree on what that response should be.
Currently, there are opposing views on how to react. Some scientists, including famous Stephen Hawking, believe that it is better to avoid contact at all costs, because if aliens come here it is possibly not only for a coffee and have a nice chat, but to "conquer and colonize". In his view, visited by aliens our planet would have the same effect as Cristobal Colón upon his arrival in America. However, SETI and NASA are more than willing to reach out to strangers. As I have said on some occasion, «not we can hide always under a rock".
The search for exoplanets gives increasingly larger fruits, so perhaps the idea of knowing how to respond to a «Hello» space be something reasonable.
In 1993, premiered the film "Fire in the sky", which told the story of a case of alien abduction. At first glance it's one of so many cases, with the difference that the film is based on the book of the own Travis Walton "The Walton Experience", a terrifying experience that lived to be abducted. Travis Walton says that on November 5, 1975 he was abducted by a UFO. His claims were backed by several witnesses, causing much controversy. This controversy still continues without being resolved.
The abduction of Travis
Travis Walton was a young man of 19 years of age at the time of the incident. His best friend Mike Rogers, who operated a logging company had hired it to help remove bushes and undergrowth near Turkey Springs, Arizona. This was the largest contract that Roger had received. For not failing to its contractor, he and his team, including Walton, they would work from sunrise to sunset. On November 5, 1975, at 180:00 h the team ended their workday and they returned home in Rogers vehicle. After driving for a short period of time the group saw a bright light coming from behind a hill which were approaching. The group approached the strange light and discovered that the source was an object shaped saucer floating in the sky. Roger stopped the vehicle and Walton rushed toward the object to see it closer. The group that was in the vehicle shouted at Walton to come back, but ignored them. Walton was almost under the object when it started to emit a strong sound. The object came out a beam of blue light that engulfed Travis. It was raised from the soil, floating in the air moments before being launched to more than 3 meters. Walton crashed into the ground with a deafening noise. Rogers and other members of the team panicked and fled the place quickly.
The Rogers team
The Rogers team turned out of the strange object thinking that you pursuing them. A little while, they calmed down and stopped the vehicle. The team then began to discuss what they should do about the situation. Finally, they decided to go back and look for Walton. When they returned to the place, both the UFO and Walton were no longer. The team returned the people, last half an hour called police. Assistant sheriff Chuck Ellison answered the call. The men told him what had happened. The men were very distressed and some of them were crying. Ellison phoned his superior Marlin Gillespie, who came to the scene and heard the same story. Gillespie demanded that they all return to the place where appeared the mysterious object look for Travis. November 06, helicopters, volunteers and police officers were in search of Travis Walton.
The emergence of Travis
Monday, November 10, all members of the team of Rogers les is forced to be examined in the polygraph. Asked about the UFO and if they had been killed Walton or if they knew where he was. The team passed the polygraph, except that one of them refused to do the test. Although it later admitted that it was because of his criminal past. This led to the Sheriff Gillespie to affirm that the UFO story had actually taken place.
That same day, at midnight, Grant Neff, who was married to the sister of Walton, received a telephone call:
"I'm Travis. I am in a phone booth at the Heber gas station, and I need help. Come get me.'
Neff had been receiving phone calls from joke about the disappearance of Travis and thought what it was another equal call. But all change when he heard the chilling voice saying:
"Grant, I am... I am injured and need help. "Come and get me!"
Neff and the brother of Travis arrived at the petrol station, finding Travis collapsed on the floor of the telephone booth with the same clothes I had the day of his disappearance. Travis seemed confused and terrified and he murmured the words "beings with horrible eyes". Travis had the impression that had spent only a few hours, but when he learned that he had gone nearly a week State sank deeper in a State of disturbance. When Travis is calmed, explained a story to his family which already had countless times researchers, skeptical and in many conventions.
Alien experience
Travis said he remembered the strange ship light beam radiating through her body. That then passed out, wake-up sitting on a reclining chair with a bright light over your head. Travis says at the beginning was not afraid, since it meant that was in a hospital room. After recovering he realized that was not alone in that room. Around it there were creatures humanoid with very strange Orange costumes. He mentioned how you hurt all over his body and had problems breathing, while it was actually terrified to see these strange beings. Stood up and demanded that the creatures they are difference. Thinking that it was glass in an attempt to break it to make a makeshift knife, but it was a strange material not breaking, he picked up a cylindrical tube. Travis pushed one of the creatures that made the others out of the room.
He left the room to a hallway which in turn led to another strange room, sat in a Chair and was able to observe that the stars and the galaxies projected on the ceiling. Travis compared this projection as if it were a planetarium. Then began to manipulate a joystick that had on the left arm of the Chair, when did it the stars gradually turned to her around. He decided to get out of the Chair, back down the Hall to investigate a rectangular spot on the wall that looked like a door. Suddenly, Travis heard a noise behind him. Turned and was amazed to see a human being. He said that there was something strange in the "man". He wore a blue suit and a strange glass helmet, had abnormally large eyes gold but Travis relied on it and began to ask him some questions, but it was ignored. The man took Travis to another room which contained three other humans. Travis was sitting at a table among other human beings that according to one of them put an oxygen mask on his face immediately losing consciousness. Just remember that when he woke up and he was in the phone booth.
We have all heard information varied from NASA, the American space agency that holds a lot of secrets, unknown technologies and contacts with beings from another planet. But there are many people who have worked on these projects and then have disconnected for various reasons, they have commented on space programmes involving the Earth, the Moon and Mars. The case which we will analyze deals with one of these individuals Randy Cramer which says having worked on a secret program that took him to be for 17 years on the planet Mars.
Randy Cramer and his relationship with NASA
Not only is a story of a man telling how he lived on the planet Mars, also these facts coincide very accurately with other sources as Mufon is the most serious investigation agency UFO telling as the great global elites preparing in secret a process of colonization of the planet Mars.
Many have been alerted of these plans and have been able to disassociate itself from NASA to tell the world the truth of what is happening, one of them is Randy Cramer a man who claims to have been on Mars for 17 years on the instructions of the space agency and its story It is simply stunning. Cramer signs that he was recruited by NASA when he was 17-years-old for a part of a special program that took him to the dark side of the moon where was unable to verify the existence of secret bases.
¿How do to get Randy Cramer to Mars?
For starters, must say that Cramer stories match other accounts of people speaking of advanced technology controlled by mankind on the planet Mars, these stories realize the type of ship that has been able to move human beings to the red planet. Accounts agree that ships that moved to Mars are triangular with lights at the bottom that allow them to boost their anti gravity field. These ships have been seen in many places in the world for people who identified them as UFOS.
According to Randy Cramer triangular ships were made with remains of advanced ships extraterrestrial type that had crashed on Earth and which had been reconstructed adapted to this technology with the help of extraterrestrial beings with whom nasa has contact for many years.
Randy Cramer on Mars experience
According to Cramer the planet Mars it was colonized by humans in the 1960s and since then started a very ambitious project to establish there human bases, which finally in 1975 were installed with the first objective of extracting minerals. Cramer also claimed that it was a corporation which is responsible for managing all the projects on Mars which was responsible for recruiting him and train him along with thousands of young people more as a super soldier.
Cramer also told that the atmosphere of Mars is similar to Earth and although the air is more dense, incredibly you can breathe by humans, but despite this, a special suit is necessary to do any work on the exterior of the bases because oxygen is very low. Randy Cramer speak also on the planet there is abundant vegetation in some areas not known currently and that the sky is blue when the Sun is putting but that during the day the sky is tone purple and red. This last statement has been admitted in his latest photographs revealed by NASA.
There is extraterrestrial life on Mars according to Cramer
This intriguing former agent of NASA also revealed that the planet Mars inhabited by two types of beings who are native to the planet and that dominate certain territories, a race of reptiles and other race of insects, both equipped with intelligence and sometimes during the time that he was there were battles among them for controls in the territories of the planet.
But which is more intriguing from this story is that according to Cramer after 17 years fulfilling missions on the red planet, a day after sleep, he woke up in his room having 17 years of age, but strangely could not erase from his mind memories of this exp experience. Do you what do you think? It would be only a dream or really Randy Cramer was all that time on Mars and then it was returned by manipulating the space time by extraterrestrial beings in agreement with humans who control the world? And if so, then, many of us could have been used in the same way, except that the erasure of memory if it succeeded?
Until Thursday, the U.S. Government has never publicly acknowledged the existence of Area 51 - a remote place in the Nevada desert, which has been associated with theories of conspiracy, extraterrestrial sightings, and small spaceships.
However, a recently declassified CIA which was written in 1992, document shows a map marked with the name of the parcel of land at distance, 75 miles from Las Vegas, which is used to test and develop top-secret military States projects United, including U-2 spy the plane.
For more information about Area 51 and have spoken with Annie Jacobsen, research and author / journalist of "Area 51: an uncensored history".
¿What was in this 400-page document declassified last Thursday?
Only one page of the 400 pages is new information. The rest of the report has been declassified for years. And I know because I used much of it to write about the different surveillance programmes in Area 51.
Then, what is really new?
The novelty is that archive of national safety of the George Washington University filed a freedom of information request on a page of the document and it was declassified.
It is a map of the area 51. That's a news item, which means that it was a jealously guarded secret, the existence of an area known as Area 51. The Government refused to acknowledge the existence.
¿How did the area 51 mentioned in other documents?
As described, the "Area 51" words were covered with black ink. No one in the Government was going to talk about what everyone already knew.
The CIA has been declassifying documents on Area 51 since the 1990s, but they have always ordered not to reveal the name.
¿Do you think it is that?
It remains a mystery. I argue that the Atomic Energy Commission was doing programs out there that requires a much higher level of security control and programs had a much higher degree of classification.
¿What about the rest of the document, the part that was already declassified?
Discusses various programs that existed about Area 51. One of the first ever created CIA unmanned aircraft was flown out of the area 51 in the 1950's. It looked like a Giant Eagle and was meant to spy on Soviet hydrofoils that were being hidden in the Caspian Sea.
¿Do you people think that Area 51 hosted alien spacecraft?
Much of this was due to the program of U-2 planes that began in Area 51 in 1955. The U-2 aircraft were widely used by the United States during the cold war for reconnaissance missions. They flew at an altitude of 60,000 feet (18 metres) - significantly higher than any other aircraft that existed at that time.
As soon as they began test flights, people wrote letters to their members already their mayors who say: "I saw a UFO." But what they saw was the plane U-2 spy.
¿Why confuse the plane U-2 by a UFO?
Two reasons. One, which had a near-vertical takeoff. Anyone who saw see it gain altitude would have thought that it was very unusual.
The second reason is that it flew very high. At that time, nobody believed that the airlines could fly so high. Commercial flights flying at 20,000 feet (6 km) into the air.
¿Why are we so fascinated with Area 51?
I call it the mound of grass in Nevada. So many stories surround you. People want to read about it.
Thanks to the preserved work of Herodotus, we know the history of a Spartan named Aristodemus. He was born around 520 BC in Sparta. His parents had obligation to bring him to a Council of elders, which decided whether it deserved to live. Babies that were not considered robust Constitution, they were abandoned in a ravine of Mount Taygetus. Others entered the education system. At age five, they would disappear from parents and hardened them to be future soldiers in the service of Sparta. His companions would be his family. The 19 or 20 years developing in the same, i.e. Spartan citizens.
The education system was called the agoge, and his goal was to turn men into ciudadanos-soldado. Discipline, physical and mental toughness, singing, dancing, competitiveness, fight tests, athletics, all that were part of the daily life of the students.
At Thermopylae, the Greeks faced a colossal army of Persians that multiplied in number the Greek forces. When the battle was over, all the Spartans who had been left to defend the pass, had died, including his brave King. But there were two who had left the field of battle until this had begun. One of them was Aristodemus. He and other Spartan called Eurytus suffered a serious eye infection that made it impossible for them to fight and Leonidas authorized them to retreat to a nearby town. The case is branch, returned to the battlefield, although I almost didn't see, and died in the final carnage. In addition to Aristodemus, another Spartan survived the battle, called Pantitas, since it had been sent to Thessaly as Messenger and when it returned, the combat was over.
In Sparta, Leonidas and his men 298 were extolled as heroes and Aristodemus and Pantitas suffered disgrace and humiliation; considered them cowards, the worst insult for a Spartan. Seeing that Eurytus had returned to the battlefield, although he was almost blind, to fight, the Spartans saw something unforgivable Aristodemus example, although he followed orders from his King.
The men who had fled from the enemy were called "tresantes", which means "trembling". They were required to identify with patches of color in their red coats. No one spoke to them, or they could hold public office. Aristodemus would suffer such humiliations, not only by him, but by his offspring. Pantitas, another Spartan that survived to Thermopylae, took the option to hang himself to not support that situation. Aristodemus, on the other hand, resisted and waited for the opportunity to clear his name.
This came with the so-called battle of Plataea (479). When a large army of Greeks marched to overcome once and for all to the Persian invaders, to Aristodemus nobody ran him the word. There was only a thought in his mind: an act of courage that made him to regain his honor.
In the midst of the battle, when the Spartans had to endure, in a desperate position, the arrival of reinforcements from the other Greek contingents, on the first line, a man not could expect more. He broke the line of his regiment and charged against the Persians. On your left, the tegeos went forward, and the Spartan general had to give the order. The Spartans loaded. The Spartans, who up to then had been isolated, were themselves victorious, killing its general by the way. The man who charged solo against the Persians, dragging the others, was Aristodemus. He died in the fight, but he could clean his honor.
2.Galvarino
(Do the Araucanía,?-1557) Araucanian Chief, Lieutenant's Caupolican. Although little data is known about his life, Galvarino was one of most important araucanos chieftains.
In 1553, during the wars against the Spanish invaders, the araucanos chieftains Caupolicán and Lautaro came out winners of a series of campaigns which culminated in victory in Tucapel, where was arrested and executed the Governor of Chile, Pedro de Valdivia. After a period of vacuum of power between Spaniards (Jerónimo de Alderete did not really succeed Valdivia), was appointed new Governor García Hurtado de Mendoza, with the express mission to pacify the territory.
Galvarino fought heroically to the Spanish forces of Governor García Hurtado de Mendoza, but was captured in the battle of Lagunillas (1557), alongside the Bío-Bío River. As I chasten, were amputated her hands, the fact that the Spanish poet Alonso de Ercilla narrated in La Araucana, pointing out that, after this Act, "with disdain and contempt dello it elongated head and tended the neck" so take you life by cutting off the head; However, he was pardoned and returned with his own, vowing to take revenge.
The chronicler Mariño de Lobera says that "it was so much courage that was emperrado, which since the hands, lacked fought more strongly with the language, which tends to be more effective to make war than the hands of the Hercules and the industries of the Caesars". In the battle of Millarapue, November 30, 1557, after a cruel confrontation, he was captured along with other indigenous leaders and the Governor García Hurtado de Mendoza, as a punitive measure, sent him to hang.
Alonso de Ercilla, moved, wanted to intercede for him to save his life, to which replied Galvarino with great condemnation towards the Spaniards with the following words: "I prefer to die to receive the life of you, and only feel death by not having been able to you pieces with teeth". Some Chilean historians, however, believe that Galvarino himself to deprive his enemies of pleasure to kill him.
3.William Marshal
English sword of Sir William Marshall, one of the best Knights of England, is inspired by the original. Includes Leather Sheath with steel at their ends. The blade is carbon steel corrugated and its handle is covered with leather. The simplicity and elegance of the guardian and the knob make this sword all high quality replica. It is a functional sword with bends of Damascus steel. The handle is wrapped in leather tied. Includes sheath is leather with steel tips reinforcements.
Sir William Marshall I Earl of Pembroke (1146 – 14 may 1219), it faithfully served the Crown of four kings (Enrique II, Richard the Lionheart, Juan I and Enrique III) and throughout his life went from being a simple member of the lesser nobility to be the Regent of Henry III, and, therefore, one of the most powerful men in Europe.
He was a soldier and politician Anglo-Norman. The hereditary title of "Marshall" (Marshal) indicated to the Chief of security of the King of England; at his death, Europe spoke of him simply as "the Marshal".
Sir William Marshall was the major competitor in jousting of his time. The record of William is legendary: on his deathbed, remembered having vanquished 500 Knights during his career. In 1170 he was elected to the House of Enrique the younger, eldest son of Eleanor and her second husband Enrique II, crowned that year as King associated with his father.
William was called to be the master of arms of the boy, but became his mentor and Idol. He conveyed to the young Henry his passion for tournaments, and for the next twelve years, he was fellow and director of the Prince.
Between 1182 and 1174, when Henry was reconciled with his father, William was the director of team tournaments of his master in all major events, especially the large international meetings of Picardy. Its mission was to design tactics and act as Advisor of the young King to make sure that it was not captured. When the French 1179 tournament took place in Lagny-sur-Marne, as part of the coronation of Felipe II, William Marshall was the sufficiently rich to appear with his own company of Knights. This earned her to be the object of envy and conspiracy of rivals in the Court of the young Henry.
Marshall fulfilled the vow of Crusader that his master had made and brought his cloak to Jerusalem with permission from Enrique II. Following the vote which had made during the Crusades, he was invested as Templar on his deathbed. 14 may 1219 he died in Cavershan, being buried in the Church of the Temple (Temple Church, London), where you can still see his effigy.
4.Tlahuicole
Throughout the history of Mexico, there have been different heroes and villains that are accompanied by acts of glory or really shameful. Even many of these characters in acts that were carried out throughout his life far from what is taught in primary or secondary as part of the official history promoted by the State.
However there are few pre-Hispanic heroes in the collective knowledge of our people, and the few who we recognize are the mexicas who took part in the heroic defense of the city of Mexico-Tenochtitlan. I speak primarily of two, Cuauhtémoc and Cuitlahuac while there are many more who gave their blood against the Castilian invaders. We must not forget that the pre-Hispanic period goes beyond the fall of Mexico-Tenochtitlan. While currently have few records of the people who lived in the formative period and the classic (except Dela Maya), yes we have enough information about the Postclassic period especially in the Mexican Highlands.
So that these heroic deeds are not forgotten, I want to talk about a great warrior of otomi-tlaxcalteca origin called Tlahuicole. It was the year of 1515, Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin was Huey Tlahtoani of Mexico-Tenochtitlan from 1502 and short 4 years for the arrival of a group of adventurers led by Hernando Cortes. In this same year, a great famine and famine struck the Valley of Tlaxcala-Puebla, situation which was aggravated due to the constant raids of the Triple Alliance, led by the Mexica of Tenochtitlan.
Let us remember that the Tlaxcala-Puebla Valley - with its different cities - had a precarious independence and was surrounded by the conquered territories of the Triple Alliance, which also suffered from an economic and commercial isolation that included the prohibition of salt to prepare foods, up to luxury goods such as cotton, jade and feathers of quetzal, among others. Motecuhzoma had decided that it would continue with florid Xōchiyaoyōtl wars of methodically to weaken their stubbornly Tlaxcalans enemies.
This policy of strangulation had affected to a greater extent to Huexotzinco (now state of Puebla) and the circumstances of famine that existed in all Tlaxcala-Puebla, it seems that its territory and population were victims of raids Tlaxcala in search of food. As a result the noble huexotzingas asked for military support to Motecuhzoma and also food, which Motecuhzoma responded affirmatively since it was a great opportunity to get one ally to the other side of the mountains. The official response by the Triple Alliance was to invite the people of Huexotzinco to take temporary refuge in territories near Tenochtitlan, take hostages among their ruling, and to direct their military forces to the city. This maneuver committed fully to Huexotzinco with the Triple Alliance and left even more isolated populations of Tlaxcala, so immediately Motecuhzoma made preparations for a new war against the eternal enemy of Tenochtitlan.
Remember that Tlaxcala in those times was divided into 4 Tepecticpac, Ocotelolco, Tizatlan, and Quiahuiztlan headers, as well as surrounded by a ring of different populations of Otomi warriors-infested. If we add to these factors the fortifications and barriers, such as mountains and rivers, we are talking about a real Fortress.
Initially the Mexica went alone to war against Tlaxcala, however did not see tactical results they sought help from its tributaries and the other components of the Triple Alliance: Tlacopan and Tezcuco. Despite these reinforcements military maneuvers bogged down after 20 days of combat. Due to this reason and the large number of casualties suffered by both sides, the Mexica troops returned to Tenochtitlan with a great consolation prize for his Tlahtoani: the great warrior and champion Tlahuicole, along with many more illustrious warriors.
From this point there are two major releases on the fate suffered by the great warrior Otomí, one is based on the crónica X written by Mexica descendant and the other written by Diego Muñoz Camargo in its description of the city and province of Tlaxcala.En the first version when the great warrior "who was shaking all the Earth" comes up before the great Tlahtoani, lacks any arrogance, kissing the hands of Motecuhzoma who apologises in addition for the offenses committed. The Tlahtoani to see their behavior addressed to you words of comfort, is it as one of their own and filled it with military insignia. This was given to all the great champions captured enemy military Protocol prior to slaughter. Spend the days the Tlahtoani learns that Tlahuicole cries bitterly by surprising to their wives and children. In those times that a captive sacrifice to weep was a bad omen, so very angry Motecuhzoma reproaches his cowardice and granted their freedom so go with their wives. Tlahuicole guards receive the order let you give food and let it go back and forth to your liking. To hear this great champion Tlaxcala enters into a deep depression that rises to a temple in Tlatelolco and is dropped into the air committing suicide. The mexicas to see the great dead champion decide to remove the heart and offer it to the gods. Perhaps this story is propaganda mexica? Now let's look at the narration of the tlaxcalan Camargo.
According to this author Tlahuicole was low, stocky and with a colossal force. He was captured by the huexotzingas since the champion was in a swamp to the waist. For transport they surround it in a wooden cage which is released when it is presented against Motecuhzoma who gives you your freedom (unheard of, certainly false). Champion refuses and demands his right to be slain as their ancestors. The skillful Tlahtoani decides to give him the command of an army Aztec that was on the verge of splitting the purepechas of Michoacan lands to get gold and silver materials very abundant in this region. The campaign was a success, to the extent that Motecuhzoma returns you to offer your freedom Tlahuicole, who refuses and demands to die in the gladiatorial sacrifice or scratching at the Festival of Xipe Tótec (Tlacaxipehualiztli). The Tlahtoani keeps him in his palace and allows you to bring their relatives while the date of his death. During 8 days Tlahuicole is left to pamper with banquets and dances in their honor. Even it is known that at one of these banquets served him in a stew the sex of his self-sacrificing spouse. Is it truth?
Tlahuicole finally rises to the temalacatl to be attached foot and face his death through the sacrifice of scratching. The great champion manages to defeat according to sources to eight adversaries mexica, 4 cuauhpilli and 4 ocelopilli, to be later defeated due to loss of blood and fatigue of so many battles.
What version is the closest to reality? It is evident that both Chronicles have conflicting views of two enemy States, but thanks to this diversity of sources they can enrich more historical accounts.
5.miyamoto musashi
Japanese mythical character par excellence, his figure combines the ideals of the Warrior and the monk in Japanese culture, and still was much more than that: ascetic methodical and perfectionist, was able to devote his life to an end and dying at the right moment in that by satisfied.
An orphan from the age of seven, Miyamoto Musashi * (1584-1645) was very young entrusted to the guardianship of a Buddhist priest, brother of his stepmother, who directed their instruction as a warrior. He weighed his honorable son of samurai ancestry, but also a strict character and good physical skills. He was only 13 years old the first time he killed a man in a fight, and at 16, left home to begin a physical pilgrimage and spiritual in search of the master.
A "wave man", thus becomes a rōnin, literally a samurai without a master, in an era in which the Warriors are still the main caste in Japan, but that after more than four hundred years of struggle for power and territory in almost continuous civil war begin to be c ontrolados by a single Shogun (military dictator) for the pacification of the country. He had begun the "sword hunt": dissolution of the private armies of the great feudal lords, prohibition of certain types of weapons except to the samurai and persecution of the bandits who trashed everywhere. A great remnant of warrior skills, useless in peacetime, were transformed into superb martial arts, symbol of nobility and ability and, under the influence of Zen, in the highest form of personal lighting.
When Miyamoto abandoned his home in 1590 he was looking for that light through perfection in kendo, way of the sword. And pefeccionar passed his mastery in the use of the sword and fight techniques for participating in duels, as in the Japan of the time teaching was not open to anyone; If it was not a samurai, knowledge had to removed them during combat with an expert or demonstrating, with a victory before the wrestler a school principal, worthy of receiving them.
Between 17 and 30 years, Miyamoto took part in 60 of these engagements, many of them to death, and not lost any, becoming a teacher in different styles and with different types of weapons. Some of these clashes, in which decapitated in 1605 to the clan of the Yoshiokas in defense of the honor of his father, were so spectacular that they turned already into life in a mythical figure in Japan; but it was perhaps to be admitted after two victories at the Zen Temple of warriors monks at Hozoin, who received training both in techniques of how philosophical and spiritual struggle, when his vision of combat and life changed forever.
Reached the thirty and except in that period at Hozoin Miyamoto had remained on the sidelines of society, wandering the country, living precariously and without worrying about your physical appearance, nor take spouse, nor engage in any profession, other than your own I am a student. In the image that profusely circulated it for centuries to come, is presented with a rough and wild, look being part of his legend that never came into a bathtub for fear be surprised unarmed.
In the next 20 years will maintain this wandering and ascetic lifestyle, but now aims to apply the physical and spiritual domain acquired through the struggle to achieve perfection on any art and human activity. According to his own writings, Musashi was considered the objective fulfilled in 1634, at the age of 50. By then had become a master of all the arts of the time: as a painter, as a calligrapher, as a sculptor in wood and metal and as a craftsman, creating even a tsuba (the forearm of the katanas) styled school.
At this time set, giving up the comforts and honours that could be enjoyed by his fame, as one more samurai, vassal of the Hosokawa clan. He founded his own style, the Niten Ichi Ryu (double Saber) with only three disciples, and breaking completely with the Japanese martial tradition, mark intended to compile knowledge in a written, titled Go Rin No Sho ("book of five rings" (, in reference to the five elements of the universe of Buddhism: Earth, water, fire, wind and void) is still one of the most emblematic books of Japanese culture and a leader in the practice of all kinds of martial arts.
To write this book in 1643 left Hosokawa Castle and went to live in a cave. There he spent two years, reflecting what they learned in those 50. And there himself died two weeks after the end of the manuscript, in May of 1645.
Prince Randian was born in Demarara (British Guiana) in 1871, sorprendetemente without upper or lower extremities.
In 1889 the circus impresario PT Barnum, after rumors he had heard about the physical decline of Randian, travels to the home country, to take it with him to the United States and show it in circus shows. Randian begins to appear on the shows shaving with a razor blade attached to a wooden mast, writing or painting, bundling and lighting cigarettes with the only help of his mouth and the muscles of the face.
Onstage moved very quickly from one place to another, moving your hips and shoulders in a snake-like motion, being there announcing where acted as "human beings crawling on his belly like a reptile", appearing always dress with a piece of wool striped covering the torso and from which protruded only his head. This outfit together with its characteristic movement of reptile to move earned him so called it man Caterpillar or the human torso.
For more than 45 years, Caterpillar man was acting for the United States, in circuses, carnivals and museums. Said that it was a good Carpenter, and the box where housed all materials for smoking, had been built by himself with his mouth, which was very smart and who spoke English, German and French in addition to hindi, his native language.
In 1901 he married Sarah Hill, a clerk at Paterson (N.j.), which had no physical decline any, and who bore him five children.
In 1932 Tod Browning gives you the opportunity to jump to the big screen, starring alongside fellow of circus "Freaks" film.
In the film, Randian said one sentence in the famous scene in which lights a match and a cigarette using only his mouth. With an almost incomprehensible accent tells a man without disabilities: can you do something with your eyebrows?
Caterpillar man, held his last representation on December 19, 1934. In the same scenario suffered a collapse, dying on the spot. Newspapers echoed his death the next day, referring to it as Randian, Randion, Radion, radio or revealing his obituary which was sixty-three years old, who was born in British Guiana and who resided in the 174 Water Street in Paterson, New Jersey, with his Indian spouse, Princess Sarah, her four daughters and a son.
2.Charles Stratton
Charles Sherwood Stratton was born on January 4, 1838, in Bridgeport, Connecticut (United States).
His parents were of average height, and Charles was an average-size baby when he was born. But when he was 6 months old, suddenly ceased to grow.
Thus, at the age of 4 years, he had the same height and the same weight as 6 months. During that period the boy was discovered by Phineas Taylor Barnum, the founder of a famous circus.
Barnum taught him to sing, to dance and to train the child to entertain the public.
General Tom Thumb, as he was named in the circus, or Charles quickly earned success. The audience just loved it.
When Charles was 5 years, Barnum led to a European tour. There they ordered him to act to Queen Victoria. I was delighted: the gingerbread man touched his heart and became his loyal fan!
On February 10, 1863, Charles married Lavinia Warren, who was also a dwarf.
Unfortunately on July 15, 1883, Tom died suddenly from a stroke. The man had only 46 years old. Your spouse Lavinia died almost 36 years later.
3.Edward Mordrake
This is the story of Edward Mordake, a man born with a rare malformation which granted him two-faced and that internet has become a lovable monster, a kind of Joseph Merrick (the Elephant Man) transfigured by her illness in a circus attraction.
The history of Edward begins adulterated by the bourgeois position. His mother was the Countess of Darlington from the 19th, a landowner in the South of the County of Posthmouth in the United Kingdom. As son of a good family was envied and hated in equal parts: its lineage and wealth to inherit him placed in the focus of public attention, their disease in the diana of Jesters, chanceros and professional down of your surname.
Mordake suffered congenital syndrome known as Diprosopia or craniofacial duplication. It actually consists of congenital duplication of the notochord, a common embryonic structure in all vertebrates whose bending causes the generation of two nerve crests which in turn generate two different craniofacial structures.
Unlike the Siamese twins United after the birth, the disprosopia is not due to the fusion or incomplete separation of two embryos: is the result of an abnormality in a protein that normal craniofacial pattern marks. Depending on the level of congenital alteration of this protein, the individual can have up to four ears, four eyes and two separated lips. Curiously, the name of this protein, SHH (Sonic Hedgehog), later inspirararia of the most famous video game character of the company Sega.
This structural duplication may give some movement to the stunted faces. Edward had a completely healthy dominant structure, its normal expressive face, and next to it your semi-expresiva added face with muscles and nerves badly developed and atrophied from birth. This would be another test that would confirm the disprosopia instead of a case of 'cephalopagus' or vestigial parasitic twin, where the dead Siamese lacks all kinds of independent movement.
The scientific name of residual movement become a kind of 'other self' which, according to legend, tormented his dominant face with grins and signs of expression conditioned by the behavior of Edward the second face of Edward. According to unverified legend, the second parasitic face smiled and moving lips taunting his alter ego dominant to immerse you into a depression that would finally lead him to suicide.
According to popular mythology, the other side had a faint voice that only Edward could hear. Strabismic eyes never closed but could mourn and follow the gaze of everyone who would look at it. Mordrake also claimed that he suffered from insomnia because of the hateful whispers that his "evil twin" tortured him in the evenings.
In a supposed testimony of Edward Mordrake appeared in 1900 in the Almanac of medicine "Anomalies and curiosities of medicine", by George M. Gould, one could read: "imagination cannot conceive terrible temptations which surrounds me. By some unforgivable evil of my ancestors I stitched this demon, because I am sure that it is a demon. I pray and beg so remove it from the world, even if I die"
Obviously this is not true. Like that the second side was a beautiful woman, as they have almost all versions. The diprosopia is based on the development of a single type of genes with sex already defined before the duplication of the notochord.
What probably would throw into a depression to its owner is the appearance, movements or involuntary tics of his other side, social marginalization and envied status exercised by the society that had him live. All this forced Edward to isolate it and submit your personality to the harsh conditions of isolation that could trigger the so-called suicide.
Another big lie from this story is the photo that heads East and hundreds of network items that tell the story of Edward. The photo is of a higher quality that you expect from a photo shoot in the 19th century. And the hairstyle, the difference in complexion or shadows that hide the second face make one think more in a film production that a forensic graphic proof. It can be one of the multiple representations of wax that is the bust of Edward and made long after his death at some point in the 20th century for the enjoyment of a Museum of horrors or medical Academy.
Details of this case are not covered by a verified medical record but by popular imagery, pagan texts, compilations geeks, works of theatre or even songs of worship that adorn and feed on the legend. The main text on which are based almost all others are the work of George M. Gould before commented, that does nothing to a quoted testimony.
In the absence of scientific method to verify only history can get tested from common sense and Ockham's razor. Welcome to the internet.
4.Maurice Tillet
Maurice Tillet was born on 23 October of the year 1903 somewhere in the Urals in Russia. During his childhood he wasn't no health issues and even received the name of "Ángel" by her angelic features. After the death of his father and the subsequent outbreak of the Russian Revolution, his mother decided to remain in the Urals was too risky and returned to his native France, where he spent his adolescence the young.
After a normal life, 20-year-old was struck by a rare disease: acromegaly. It's a syndrome that alters the production of growth hormone, causing the head to increase its size disproportionately. The life of Maurice was not the same from that day.
Entrance to the world of the struggle
His illness prevented him from career that dreamed - advocacy - so it is traded by engineering. In 1937, while working in Singapore with the French Navy, he met Karl Pollejo, a professional wrestler who convinced him that he had a future in the field. They moved to Paris, where they began an intensive training he soon showed its fruits; However, the outbreak of the second world war would force them to go to the United States.
There, Maurice began a successful career as a wrestler. Nicknamed "the French Angel" wrestler became a celebrity and began an unstoppable rise that would take him to keep the title for 2 years, between 1940 and 1942. However, his health began to deteriorate and to 1945 it was no longer a "unstoppable" monster before. He retired from the struggles and began a long decline which would eventually lead him to death in 1954, just with 12 hours of difference from his good friend Karl Pollejo. They were buried together.
Shrek
One of the frustrated dreams of Maurice Tillet was always to be a movie star. For this reason, although Dreamworks has never claimed that the man was indeed the inspiration of Shrek, many see in this film a kind of posthumous tribute that helped Maurice to fulfill his unique incomplete dream in life.
In addition, being honest the resemblance is such that it would be surprising if not was it used, at least as an inspiration.
5.Simon Metz (Schlitze)
The date and place of birth of Schlitze is not known with accuracy. Some sources speak of born in Yucatán (Mexico) in 1881, some believe that it was in 1891 and others claim that he was born in New York in 1901. It is not known his real name, and thought that it could be Simón Metz. For legal purposes, his name was Schlitze Surtees. It was microcephalic or "pinhead" (pin-head), as they were known at the end of the 19th century in the circus shows. His stature was 1.22 meters and its brain weighed more than 50 grams, with an IQ similar to that of a child of three years. Despite this, Schlitze showed unusual intelligence, being able to count up to ten, carry out some dance moves and sing some brief notes. It was very fast in their reactions, and had a high capacity of observation and ability for mimicry. Although it was actually a man, he always wore women's dresses to simplify their physiological needs.
He began his career in the circus in the early 1900S, along with his alleged sister Athelia, also microcefala, as "The last of the Aztecs" or "Aztec sisters". It was also known as "Princess Nadine", "Princess Ha Ha", "Minnie Ha Ha", "La Princess Azteca" or "Schlitze, the mysterious". He worked for important showmen as Ringling Bros. and Barnum
Schlitze debut as "The last of the Aztecs" in the World completo Museum in Philadelphia was on January 9, 1921. Prince Randian, also participated in this circus during the same period, and would not be the only time that they would match in his career. Schlitze loved to be in the world of the show and seemed to enjoy it in its entirety. One of the numbers that did was magic, showing an empty bag (a magic bag) to the public and driving up to someone so that you put the hand over. Got your hand in the bag and took out enormous underpants, pointed out the guy then laughed foolishly. People tronchaba of laughter because Schlitze was great acting.
In 1928, his film debut with a small role in the film "The Sideshow"(1928, Erle C. Kenton), a drama set in the world of the circus. Four years later participates in "Freaks" (1932, Tod Browning). Schlitze, was of the most endearing characters and that captivated more people in the shooting. He loved hats, games and felt special devotion for Browning, to which mimicked its tone of voice.
The nature of Schlitze the towards a person extremely adorable and affectionate, was like a big kid. They say it took everything with a sense of humor very ironic and soon spread to the entire team of the film. You can tell was that better spent it during filming.
There is speculation which later formed part of the cast of "Island of Lost Souls" (1932, Erle C. Kenton), film starring Charles Laughton, Bela Lugosi and Leila Hyams (Venus in "Freaks"), and a year later had a small role in "Tomorrow completo Children" (1933 (, Crane Wilbur), in which was sentenced by a judge to vasectomy. Not known certainly if it is Schlitze who participates in both films or someone like him.
In 1935, while Schlitzie was with Tom Mix Circus, George Surtees, a trainer of chimpanzees, adopted it, becoming Schlitzie's legal guardian. His last film role was in "Meet Boston Blackie" (1941, Robert Florey), which briefly played a character called "Princess Betsy", in a circus show.
He worked on the variety circuit until the death of George Surtees at 60. Then, his daughter, who was not working in the world of the spectacle, interned Schlitze in a mental institution in Los Angeles. There he was not at home and was not receiving good care, passing the days depressed and alone. Sam Alexander, a Canadian circus promoter, took account of the situation and took back to Schlitze to the stage, where he was really happy, since it was the only thing he had met in his life. His last years you were spent living in Los Angeles and on September 24, 1971 died at the age of 70 years because of pneumonia at Fountain View Convalescent Home. On his death certificate appears "Schlitze Surtees" as its official name and 1901 as his year of birth.
The true origin of the San Bernardo is subject to much speculation and many theories about how and when did this race have emerged. Some theories have one larger base than others, but the truth is that probably we will never know with certainty what were the origins of this breed of working warm and affable. Anyway, its origin can be traced, with complete assurance, the ancient Roman dogs known as molossians. These dogs were brought to Helvetia (Switzerland) by the Roman armies during the first two centuries of our era. The race proceeds, originally of the Greeks, having been brought from their homeland (in Asia minor) by Alexander the great.
During this time, there were two distinct types of molossians: Illyria and Babylon. These old dogs are at the origins of all the current Swiss races, which include the San Bernardo, Bouvier Bernois and the great Swiss Bouvier. They were, above all, dogs of war used for surveillance, but which also fulfilled its role as Shepherd, shooting and search and rescue dogs.
Towards the year 1,000 A.d., these old dogs were well-established in the Swiss Alps and began to be known as Talhunds (dogs of the valleys) or Bauernhunds (farm dogs). They had a variety of shapes and sizes and many had the same features as the current San Bernardo.
Towards the end of the 10th century, the Archdeacon Bernardo de Mentón founded his famous Hospice in the Swiss Alps. This sanctuary was a refuge for travelers crossing the difficult steps between Switzerland and Italy. Soldiers and merchants used also of the great St. Bernard Hospice to escape the bitter cold and snow. This Hospice is situated more than 2,400 meters above the sea level. Now already it is not used as shelter, although it has become a tourist attraction for travellers visiting the area.
According to the historians of race, Bernardo de Mentón was one of the first people to enter this race at the Hospice. The first document of the arrival of this race to the Hospice dates back to 1660. The monks who worked outside the monasteries of the region used the St. Bernard as a protection dog, and for search and rescue missions. The monks had you in high esteem due to many reasons. One of the most important was the unique ability of this breed have a presentiment of the avalanches which were about to occur.
The most famous dogs of the Almshouse was one called «Barry». This specimen lived until the age of 14 and the documents say that he saved more than 40 people. Without any help, Barry was able to dig up anyone who was under the snow. Anyway, he almost lost his life tragically in 1812. He was confused to Barry with a Wolf while trying to dig up a snow man. He was stabbed several times by the person who was trying to rescue. It survived this horrible event, but never again to have the necessary form PEAR play their search missions. Thus, he retired to Bern, where he spent the last two years of his life. When he died, Barry had become a legend, and his body was dissected, preserved in Bern Natural History Museum.
Another great admirer of San Bernardo was Napoleón Bonaparte. At the beginning of the 19th century, it helped to finance several other hospices that later would become refuges for many members of royalty during the 19th century. The Hospice of San Bernardo was then known around the world and was responsible for the salvation of 2,000 lives. Other visitors of exception include Queen Victoria de Inglaterra, his spouse (Prince Albert), and many other members of the British Royal family who visited the place.
Currently, the Hospice is only a tourist attraction for all fans to this race. A statue of the founder (San Bernardo de Mentón) stands, proud, on the slope of the mountain.
2.Leonberger
The Leonberger breed takes its name from the German city of Leonberg, located in the region of Wuntemberg, just 15 kilometres from Stuttgart.Desde time immemorial take place in this beautiful and medieval city a traditional and important horse market, and regularly at that time were presented for sale copies of this race.
As in many races, the exact origin of the Leonberger remains in the darkest of worlds.
Not exactly specify the time at which the Leonberger was submissive to the will of man, but of all ways domestication dates back to distant times. Is true that not one can speak of the Leonberger breed without speaking of the Mastiff of the Tibet.
Marco Polo speaks in his writings of travel, on his return from Tibet (1729), of this great Doge of Tibet during his visit to the Court of the great Mongol, stating that they were big as donkeys and that well could have been caressed by the Venetian. This large molosser mountain existed, and there is still, in many villages of the Himalayas, according to the majority of the experts, place you as the ancestor of the molossians current.
The travel diary of father Huc to the Gobi desert (1844), and more recently M. Ségogne (1937), describes the current descendants of the Doge of Tibet coinciding characteristics with the current Leonberger. Therefore the origin could well be the Dogo or Mastiff of the Tibet with contributions of San Bernardo and the Terranova or other breeds of mountain. This trotting mountain German has its equalizations in almost everyone. See the mountain of the Pyrenees (France), the Mastiff of the Pyrenees (Spain), St. Bernard (Switzerland), the Maremmano (Italy), the Komondor (Hungary), Terranova (Canada), the Charplaninatz (Yugoslavia), Tchouvacg (Czechoslovakia) In short, it is very reasonable to assume that with invasions from the East to Europe, with the contribution of its great dogs of Mongolia and its subsequent junction with breeds will come to set in across the European continent. There are writings already in the year 1625 in which copies in Austria, are in the vicinity of the Princes of Metternich, whose buildings are virtually identical to the current morphology of the Leonberger. There is written evidence of the sale of a Leonberger dog in 1771.
Later they will be favorites in the Imperial courts of Austria and his good name will be extended throughout Europe. The Queen María-Antoinette (Austrian-born) possessed a Leonberger measuring more than one metre.
However, Werner Jocker in 1961 presented in the Institute's breeding and genetic research and psychology at the University of Munich a thesis under the direction of Professor H. Bauer, in whose work, aside from the General considerations about the domestication of the Leonberger, develops a study on the history of the race, which can be removed as follows: "in Leonberg, Heinrich Essig (1808-1889), great lover of animals, municipal councillor of his city, enjoyed a good reputation in Germany and on occasions of" breeders of other countries. His kennel became very famous."
Essig would have bought a dog of breed type Landseer Terranova and St. Bernard long-haired crossed it with an exemplary race male. Descendants were reproduced in strict inbreeding, but Essig was especially looking for white color, so this obtained offspring crossed with a male Great Pyrenees mountain race casually possessed, and in this way the first "truly" exemplary Leonberger, according to Essig, was born in the year 1846. According to Kraus, the first name used for its specimens was "Leonbardiner", and no Leonberger. Genetically appears impossible to obtain the fawn mantle, black mask from a Landseer (black and white), of a St. Bernard hair long and a mountain in the Pyrenees.
With extraordinary speed and a keen business sense, Essig during long years flooded Europe and the rest of the world of copies called Leonberger. From zar Nicolas, the Emperor Napoleón III and even countries such as Austria, America, Japan and a long etcetera.
The Leonberger begin to appear in exhibitions such as Hambourg, where obtained the first individual awards and in group. Men of science such as Drs. Haring and Jacer extolling the image of her excellent figure.
Today are still old lithographs executed from the canvases of the animal painters of the time: Specht, Lautemann and Beckman, where we can contemplate.
According to several scholars, Essig wanted to combine the qualities of several mountain breeds to find your "ideal" dog. Seems to be that its objective was only selling their copies at amazing prices for the era, promoting them skillfully, placing copies in houses of characters of high society and in countries where there were no races using information from Mountain, failing that way to verify the authenticity of the breed. This came to join that Essig did not hand over or standard, or pedigree, nor any documentation, thing really strange, because the delivery of documentation was already practiced in the second half of the 19th century for the majority of the races.
After the death of the municipal councillor Essig the glory of the Leonberger would diminish, not by a defect in the race, but for reasons of fashion change.
An article from a newspaper on March 25, 1870 Austrian gave faith of high consideration which the Empress of Austria Elisabeth (1837-1898) had the Leonberger breed: "her Majesty the Empress, from his return from Rome, has a magnificent Leonberger dog".
We must note that, according to the times story, this Leonberger had a white mantle glare, except ears Brunettes or dark brown. Therefore color not had been set even in these years from 1846 to 1870.
Como conclusion, for not to dwell much, the thesis that more approaching reality, or rather the most supported, would place the origin of the Leonberger with the Doge of Tibet and subsequent contribution NES of the Terranova and the St. Bernard.
3.Pitbull
Although the exact origin of the American Pit Bull Terrier is not known, its roots are running to England, to the end of the 18th century and beginning of the 19th century.
The American Pit Bull Terrier were bred for two purposes: for fighting against bulls (very much in vogue at that time) and to move herds of cattle by hunters and farmers. Although these dogs were called Bulldog, we should not confuse them with the current Bulldogs. In fact they were more akin to the current Pit Bull. This is a theory of the origin of the breed. Another says that it arose from the crossing of the old Bulldog and a Terrier.
One further theory says that its origins come from the ancient Molossians, who were used in the war by the Assyrians in the year 2000 B.C. These dogs were powerful, strong and very faithful. What this theory does not explain is if they came to England by trade with the Phoenicians or was the war against the Romans.
This fact importantly they crossed these Kali with a race that already existed there and that gave more ferocious than the Molossians dogs. The evolution of the Molossians British gave rise to two races, the Bandog and the Alaunt, races that would later lead to the Bulldog and the Mastiff.
A last theory says that the APBT is the same race as the old Bulldog and that has been to our origins.
As we see no one can be certain the provenance of this magnificent breed.
Physical characteristics
Dog body rough, rugged and very muscular, although short in terms of the length. The head is wedge view from above and round view from the front. The mandible of this breed is characteristic with the so-called "closure of scissors", well embedded teeth.
It is remarkable his hindquarters with a hip long, sloped and wide to secure a greater starting power. The snout is notable for having the wide nostrils. The ears have no folds and are straight. His bright beady eyes.
Character and behavior
Although the APBT has historically been bred to Excel in combat with other dogs, if the dog is well bred puppy from us we will give account having a temper extremely balanced and, contrary to popular belief, it is not aggressive by nature with humans.
What is certain is that arriving at adults, some Pit Bulls may show aggression towards other dogs. Although this aggressiveness may decrease if from puppies joins them with other puppies so they become accustomed to other dogs and so reduce almost completely on that aggressiveness.
It has a playful character, they are very stubborn and very intelligent. They are dogs, always ready to exercise, to meet his master in everything it asked (by difficult or expensive it is), what makes these dogs to learn in a fast and easy way. They love to be congratulated and embraced.
Never never tire. Energy and vitality out of the ordinary are full of. Feel a great devotion to his master.
4.Tibetan Mastiff
The Mastiff of the Tibet, also known as Tibetan Mastiff or Do-Khyi, is one of the most ancient Oriental breeds that exist. It is known for being a work of former pastoralists of the Himalayas race as well as a dog for the protection of Tibetan monasteries. When Tibet was invaded by China in the Decade of the 50, these Bulldogs virtually disappeared from their original lands. Fortunately for the race, many of these huge dogs were to India and Nepal, from where turned to populate the race. With the export of Tibetan mastiffs to England and United States race gained popularity among fans to dogs in the West.
Believed that the Mastiff of the Tibet is the breed of predecessor of all breeds of mastiffs and great height mountain dogs, although there is no evidence confirming it. His bark is certainly unique and is considered a feature of the highly valued race.
This ancient and amazing dog is mentioned for the first time in history thanks to Aristotle (384-322 BC), however the origin of the breeding of the breed unknown. Also Marco Polo mentions it who on her trips to Asia (1,271 ad) praises a dog of great strength and size. Later, in the 19th century, Queen Victoria de Inglaterra received in Europe to one of the first Tibetan mastiffs, specifically in 1847. Such was its impact that years later, in 1898, was recorded in Berlin the first group of European Tibetan Doges, specifically in the Berlin zoo.
Physical characteristics of the Tibet Mastiff
The Mastiff of the Tibet stands out as a strong, powerful dog of giant, very robust and impressive size. On the standard of the breed he is described as a solemn and serious, appearance of majestic force dog.
This Mastiff head is wide, heavy and strong, with slightly rounded skull. The occiput is very pronounced and slightly depression (stop) is well defined. The nose color depends on the color of the fur, but should be as dark as possible. The snout is broad. The eyes are medium-sized, Brown and oval. The ears, average insertion, are triangular, medium-sized and hanging.
The body is sturdy, strong and a little longer than high. The back is straight and muscular, while the breast is very deep and of moderate breadth. The tail is length medium and high insertion. When the dog is active it takes her screwed loose on the back.
The fur of the Tibetan Mastiff is composed of two layers. The outer coat is rough, thick and not very long hair. The inner layer is dense and woolly in cold season, but becomes a sparse fur during heat season. The hair can be with or without fire marks, black blue with or without brands fire, sable or Golden. A White Star on the chest and minimal white markings on feet accepted.
The minimum size of females is 61 cm at the Withers, while males have a minimum of 66 centimeters to the cross. There is no height limit.
Character of the Tibetan Mastiff
The Tibetan Mastiff is a dog of a independent, but very loyal and protective nature with the family to which it belongs. Although it is not a dog attached, enjoy the presence of their family members, who do not hesitate to protect. On the contrary, it tends to be distrustful with strangers. It tends to get along with other dogs and animals, especially dogs of the same size, although this behavior is closely related to socialization received puppy.
It is usually docile and friendly with children in the home, however, and although it is a quiet dog in house, by its large size and strength can hurt unintentionally, so it is recommended to always supervise the sessions of play between children and dog as well as offer a toy that is the "middleman" in their relationship and fun times.
At home is a quiet dog, but away from home requires sessions of moderate activity, to keep in shape your muscles and relieve the stress of everyday life. Through long walks we will make the necessary physical activity for our Tibetan mastiff. To note Interestingly that these dogs tend to be barking by his past as guardians, as well as destructive dogs when they are alone, if they suffer from anxiety or even conduct problems.
In terms of recommendations, is not a breed suitable for inexperienced owners, his tenure is recommended to people with advanced knowledge of dog training, animal welfare and possession of large sized dogs.
5.Kangal
The kangal dog comes from the province of Sivas, Turkey, specifically in the district who gave him name. It is part of a group of shepherds called Çoban Köpegi dog breeds. The place of origin is almost all that is known with certainty of the kangal breed, there is little history documented on these dogs. One generally accepted theory is that the Turkish kangal dogs already existed at the time of the Roman Empire and that soldiers used to these molossians as company in its marches
On the other hand, is believed to the kangal race result of 3 dogs: the molossians of Assyria, Mastiff type; the molossians Romans who came from Greece; and the English mastiffs. It is believed that the Romans crossed these dogs in search of the perfect race to protect their flocks. It was then, in theory, the kangal dog was exported to Turkey and began to develop the breed.
Characteristics of the Turkish kangal dog
The kangal dog is very muscular, strong and powerful, imposing appearance. It has some resemblance to mastiffs, but he is not considered such.
The head of the kangal dog is large, wide and long, which gives it great strength and power in the jaw. It has small, quite separate eyes each other has a great field of view! and dark brown. His ears hang to the sides of the head, triangular rounded end and medium.
The Turkish kangal dog's tail is long and strong; It takes her curled up on the body in times of activity.
There is a race very similar to the kangal, the Anatolian Shepherd; the only relevant difference between the two is considered to be the hair. The kangal dog has it short and dense, with a very thick layer of Undercoat. The colors accepted in kangal breed vary from Brown to grey, but only solid colors are supported. In addition, they have a black mask on the face. On occasions, presented a small white mark on the chest.
Character of the kangal dog
Kangal dogs have a reserved and suspicious character, may be aggressive with strangers and other dogs, especially those of the same sex. To prevent this from happening, early socialization is essential.
Without however, with his family and acquaintances, things change! It is a protective instinct and very friendly dog. Gets along well with children and other pets, provided that you have grown up with them. Put an adult kangal dog to a House to live with other animals already is not such a good idea. Do not forget that it is a sheepdog and vigilante... defend your space constantly.
If you're thinking about adopting a dog kangal as a pet, may not be ideal. His aggressive and suspicious temper can be a disadvantage. However, these features make it perfect for you if you are looking for a guard dog or pastor.
The kangal dogs usually present two typical behavior problems, but which are avoidable with a good education of the kangal puppy. These are excessive barking and the tendency to destroy things.
6.Borzoi
The borzoi is part of the Group of greyhounds whose origins are not known with accuracy. There are several hypotheses relating to the creation of this powerful aristocratic looking dog. Apparently, the history of the borzoi is intimately linked to the Russia. In the middle ages, the inhabitants of this country in the stately hunting parties used a long-haired Hound and ears drooping born from the cross between the Saluki, or Persian Greyhound, and a native shepherd dog. That dog will probably continued to evolve in Century XVIII thanks to a contribution of greyhound blood.
According to another hypothesis, equally acceptable, the borzoi would have been created in the 16th century. In 1552, Iván the Terrible seized Kazan, current capital of the Autonomous Republic of the Tartars, and banished to a number of notable Iaroslavl in the Volga and Kostroma regions. There, the exiles have crossed their sighthound in Asia, almost all sloughis, with the laika, a dog breed of longhaired, one of whose varieties used in the hunt. Other crosses in which each breeder resorted to blood considered most appropriate to get the model who wanted to could then occur. And taking into account the surface of Russia, can affirm that the homogeneity obtained at the end of the sigloXVIII is all a feat.
For centuries, the borzoi was confined to the territory of Russia. Some few examples out of the country from time to time, usually intended for the service of the great characters of every age. Thus, in the sigloXI, Enrique I, King of France, was married to the daughter of Iaroslav the wise, Duke of Kiev, and this sent to them as a wedding gift three greyhounds, one black, another grey and the third fawn. Queen Victoria received a pair of borzois but not interested very much for them.
The hours of glory of the borzoi in the Tsarist Russia came to an end in the middle of the last century. The liberation of the serfs by Alexander ll in 1861 resulted in the sale of large estates. Lords ceased to be interested in hunting and the number of packs decreased considerably. The peasant revolt of 1871 fell even more troops. That certainly was the reason that in 1873 was founded the imperial society for the propagation of the true fighter whose goal was to promote the hunting with the borzoi. The society organized a major exhibition which, according to Boldareff, owner of one of the best packs of the era, received very different samples from all regions of the country. The occasion was a standard who put the official name of "hairy Hound of Russia" to the borzoi.
Thus, the borzois reappeared in Russia gradually. Although less numerous they were before, most beautiful, to reconstitute the breeding and the packs, were rigorously players thanks to a better understanding of the laws of genetics.
At the end of the 19th century the first borzois were introduced in Western Europe, a fact that would lead to a new modification of the aspect of the race. The English found this dog at the exhibition in the Crystal Palace in London in 1871, and in order to transform it a little, were devoted to their offspring and were much less impressive, mostly from poor coat dogs. It was away from the fierce borzoi of Russia Hunter of wolves.
Symbol of the aristocracy and of the Czarist regime in Russia, the borzoi became evil after the revolution of 1917. But after the Soviets revalorised race to the point that today the borzoi is the Russian national dog. The rational exploitation of the breeding centres, the Organization of exhibitions and above all tests work, effective control of the players, the disclosure of the use of the borzois in hunting animals of hair, all these measures allowed to retrieve the purity of the breed. Currently, the borzois just hunt the Wolf in Russia. On the other hand, you are also engaged in hunting Fox and a variety of large Hare. The results of dogs are closely followed in order to maintain the best copies to the highest level. The classic borzoi is located mainly in northern Russia while that a variety of similar, more durable and specialized in hunting animals of hair in the Center.
In the West, the borzoi is essentially a companion dog although it also participates in the races on the tracks.
7.Terranova
Even today remains a genuine mystery show the origin of the Terranova. There are many theories that are known, some of them being:
Originally from Canada, on the island of Terranova, is one animal rescue has rescued more lives. The fishermen of the area used this dog almost similar to the bear's appearance and its strength as a rescue to help the shipwrecked and to recover the fish escaping from nets.
The origin of the breed can be located in Terranova, on the eastern coast of Canada. At beginning of 1880 fishermen in various parts of Europe they traveled to Terranova building on the banks of cod and it was there where they found two types of working dogs: one with large and heavy build, the Terranova, and other smaller known yactivo as the Variant St. John completo of Terranova (which were in St. John's, the capital city port of insular Terranova region). Both races were used equally for pulling fishing nets."" ... Although their origin is the island of Terranova, located in the Atlantic Ocean, is not known with certainty if they were already there when the settlers arrived during the 16th century. He speculates on the possibility that they were Basque fishermen who take dogs of Pyrenean type that crossed with water dogs.
the Terranova has an intersection with the old Tibetan Mastiff (theory is advocated by Fred Stubbart, Member of the Terranova Club of America), which supposedly would come to the island from the hands of the Vikings
Even there are myths or legends which have never been tested by any historian, nor document is there any no-testimony of survivors. Some of them:
The legend who was then a Terranova Dog rescued the footballer Napoleón Bonaparte when on one occasion this fell from a boat into the water.
A legend told by Bob Goen (Discovery Channel commentator) has a Terranova itself only assisted in the rescue 63 sailors from a shipwreck.
Another myth was born out of an article that was published in 1912, in which a Terranova would have helped rescue many survivors of the Titanic.
The Terranova is officially known by that name since 1775, when George Cartwright (trader and entrepreneur in fisheries for cod, salmon and the trade in skins, as well as a friend of the Indians, Beothuks, who is said also that who took these dogs to the island) were named after these individuals with the name of the island. Fishing season in them was released and is for this reason that in the year 1780 a Governor called Edwards (say the chroniclers) signed a decree that restricted possession of these copies to one per family. Years later the decision radicalizes the measure almost nobody respects her and is in 1815 when cuts itorgan sets a new standard by which are allowed to sacrifice all the copies that are released and unmuzzled. At that time they became so numerous that began the import of these specimens by the United Kingdom, the city of Pool mainly since then maintained a close business relationship with the island of Terranova. Used as draught animals and in work relating to water, therefore were requested as dogs on board, for the rescue of shipwrecked as well, given its large size and strength, as guardians. Although at present and despite being great protectors of their families are not dogs for guard and defense because of his non-aggressive nature.
The Terranova was for the first time in an exhibition in the year 1860 in Birmingham, although the first issue does not enroll in the book of origins to the year 1878. The first breed Club was founded in the United States in 1885 and as proof of the popularity that were acquired in such a short time is the presentation in Preston, in the year 1892, of one hundred and twenty-eight copies of the Terranova breed, which made that he founded in 1893 the Club Terranova of the continent (DNK). In a short time the Terranova crossed all borders becoming a copy of great prestige. In short we can say that it has been bred for centuries to arrive today to us as a friendly animal and of good temperament, intelligent and with an extreme effort to please, as well as with a strong sense of loyalty and remarkable life-saving instincts, and a Despite its large size do not ever give the feeling of heaviness. We can not ignore his stubbornness, his passion for the water (bringing them occasionally to look scruffy) and their inexhaustible you babas... but even this is impossible to resist his personality, it is without a doubt the best friend you can have.
8.English Mastiff
The English Mastiff exists in Britain since 2000 years ago and was exported to Rome as a military dog and fight. It can come from Asia via the Mediterranean and Phoenician merchants, or with other traders through the Urals and North Europe.
Throughout its long history, the Mastiff has contributed to the development of a number of dog breeds, including the Bullmastiff. His name probably evolved from the Anglo-Saxon word 'masty', meaning powerful: documents of the English Court from 1590 recorded the purchase of "a bulldog Mastiff". The English Mastiff is currently rare. It is one of the world's greatest dogs, need plenty of space to live and lots of food. It is usually submissive, but it can be very protective with their owners and must treat him wisely, since it is extremely strong and it can be difficult to control.
FEATURES:
-The ears are small, thick and are implemented very high on the head.
-The tail is wide at the root and tapers toward the tip.
-The front legs are straight, quite separate and dense bones.
-The protective coat is short and snug, but not too fine, covers the winter protective inner layer.
-It has feet large and round, with well arched toes and black nails.
In the canine world, the great Dane is one of the most celebrated giants. Hunting dog by nature, was employed in medieval times in the hunting of the wild beasts great, including the dangerous wild boars, wolves and even bears. Its elegant and high porte also reserved a worthy place at the foot of the Kings and other monarchs in Europe of those times.
The great Dane is not considered him originally from Denmark. The present this wonderful dog breed recognition is given to Germany, although in the United Kingdom also developed a very similar dog that could have some influence on the current. Really not sure why in Danish.
He is not that the name of the form has originated, but it's funny: in France it is called 'Grand Danois', which means great Dane. It says it was the naturalist Buffon who used this term for the first time in France. Accompanying the name this naturalist made the following comment: under the influence of the climate of Denmark became the Greyhound in great Dane. Which justifies not only the name but also the origin of the breed. Clear, with regard to the name, it is not known if it was he who gave it, but with respect to the origin of the breed, that is another thing.
The lineage of this breed is considered to be very old. According to taxed much like dog is estimated that at least it has existed for four thousand years, perhaps thousand more. Before the 19th century in Germany mixed it with other breeds to improve their skills of Hunter. Blood of the English hunting dogs was added in the 15th century. You are then influenced its development with the Mastiff and the Greyhound. Already in the 17TH century were dogs of European courts, existing class within the own race difference. In the 19th century there were some of these dogs with pedigrees of up to fourteen generations.
An exclusive Federation for this breed was established in the United Kingdom in 1882. Followed by another similar Federation in United States, in Chicago, in 1885 and accepted by the AKC in 1887. Finally in Germany in 1891 were the standards of great Dane perfect, being achieved worldwide recognition.
It was formerly used for hunting wild boars. In those days, small ears, were cut so that they were damaged in horrible profession. But it wasn't high and elegant cut that normally makes them today, it was a cut low, being the ears just a few triangles of skin. In certain illustrations where are the dogs fajados with wild boar, put the dogs a protective mesh.
10.Irish Wolfhound
The Irish Wolfhoundor Irish Hound, is a very high haired hound. This breed of dog is the highest of all the known races. The minimum height of the male is 81 cm. (32-inch) to the shoulders; beating the great Dane by 5 cm. (2 inch). However, none of these two races has limits on the maximum height, and great Dane being a much more popular dog, usually the highest dog registry given deservedly to a great Dane.
The Irish Wolfhound is not only a very high dog, documented since the times of the Roman Empire, this dog was used as a guardian and in the wars; being your most useful as a dog for hunting large and dangerous animals. For its size, speed, and other qualities, this dog was used to hunt wolves and reindeer.
In recent years the Irish Wolfhound has been used in various functions, including police dog, and that for centuries has proving to be a wonderful pet, at present is mostly used as a companion dog.
As a note of interest, we mentioned that the Irish Wolfhound is the national dog of Ireland.
Esta raza es natural de Irlanda. Se estima que haya sido llevada a esta isla por los celtas, posiblemente desde el año 279 a.C.
Its origins date back to the year 295 and are descendants of the greyhounds, set of breeds of dogs that were the Kings of speed in races by their elongated physical Constitution. The Irish Celts were interested in raising these large sighthounds to hunt. Until the 17TH century, has been protagonist of hunting animals large as wild boar, red deer and wolves. Later, the Romans would imported it from Ireland.
In 1862 is rescued edge race extinction making crosses of other large breeds of the German Mastiff and Deerhoung or Scottish deerhound-like traits.
Physical features of the Irish Wolfhound
He is recognized as the dog high in the world, very tight to the German Mastiff, great Dane, reaching a height of 95-100 cm at the withers. the size and weight minimum in males tends to be 79 cm and 54.5 kg, while in females it is 71 cm and 40.5 kg. It is thinner than the Dogue German but more robust than Greyhound.
Strong appearance, it has a long snout slightly pointed, small ears, dark almond-shaped eyes, elongated neck, muscular and deep chest. The top line and its long tail are slightly curved. A dog's hair is strong, thick and hard, corto-medio which can be of different colors: black, grey, white, Brindle or red.
